SPF and PA measure different aspects of sun protection. SPF indicates protection against UVB rays, which primarily cause sunburn, while PA indicates the level of protection against UVA rays, which contribute to tanning, premature skin ageing and pigmentation. Understanding SPF vs. PA rating helps you interpret sunscreen labels and choose protection that addresses both types of ultraviolet radiation.

But what do SPF 50 PA+++ and SPF 50 PA++++ actually mean? The answer lies in how SPF and UVA protection are measured.

What Does SPF Mean in Sunscreen?

SPF stands for Sun Protection Factor. It measures how effectively a sunscreen protects against sunburn caused by UV exposure, primarily from UVB rays. UVB rays affect the outer layers of the skin and are a major cause of sunburn. Their intensity varies with the time of day, season, location, and surrounding environment.

However, SPF does not tell you the complete level of UVA protection a sunscreen provides. To understand that part of the label, you need to look at the PA rating or another recognised indicator of UVA protection. If you're deciding which SPF level to choose, read our guide to compare SPF 30, SPF 50 and SPF 70 to understand how these ratings differ.

What Is PA in Sunscreen?

PA stands for Protection Grade of UVA. It is a rating system used to communicate a sunscreen’s level of protection against UVA rays, based on its UVA Protection Factor (UVA-PF). UVA rays penetrate deeper into the skin than UVB rays and contribute to tanning, premature skin ageing, uneven skin tone, and pigmentation. They can also pass through ordinary window glass to varying degrees.

If you are concerned about dark spots or visible signs of photoaging, understanding the PA rating can help you interpret the UVA protection information on sunscreen labels. To understand why both types of UV protection matter, explore how UVA and UVB rays affect your skin.

What Do PA+, PA+++, and PA++++ Mean?

The PA system uses plus signs to indicate increasing levels of UVA protection. Each grade corresponds to a measured UVA Protection Factor, commonly assessed using persistent pigment darkening (PPD).

What is PA+++ in sunscreen? PA+++ indicates a PPD of 8 to less than 16, representing a higher level of UVA protection than PA++.

PA++++ meaning: PA++++ is the highest grade on the PA scale and indicates a PPD of 16 or higher. Because this category has no upper limit, two sunscreens labelled PA++++ may still provide different levels of measured UVA protection.

Remember that a PA grade describes UVA protection, not how long a sunscreen lasts or whether it is water-resistant. Confused by the other symbols and claims on sunscreen packaging? Here's a guide on how to read sunscreen labels. 

Does PA++++ Prevent Tanning and Pigmentation?

PA++++ indicates the highest grade of UVA protection in the PA system, but it does not guarantee that tanning or pigmentation will never occur. Tanning can result from both UVA and UVB exposure, while visible light can also contribute to pigmentation, particularly in people prone to hyperpigmentation. 

Sunscreen performance depends on the product's tested protection, the amount applied, and how consistently it is reapplied. For broader protection, look for a suitable broad-spectrum sunscreen and follow its application instructions. Since sun exposure can contribute to the persistence of dark spots, learn how UV exposure can worsen pigmentation. 

Why Do You Need Both SPF and PA?

SPF and PA communicate different aspects of sun protection, which is why understanding both ratings matters.

• SPF: Indicates protection against UVB-related sunburn.
• PA: Indicates the level of UVA protection, relevant to tanning, pigmentation, and photoaging.

A sunscreen's SPF rating alone does not establish its UVA protection level. Looking at both ratings, or checking for another recognised UVA protection label, gives you a more complete understanding of the product. If your sunscreen carries an SPF rating but no PA grade, do not automatically assume it offers poor UVA protection. The product may use a different labelling system. Understanding UVA and UVB protection is also essential when choosing a formula, which is why you should know why SPF alone is not enough. 

How Do You Know If a Sunscreen Protects Against UVA and UVB?

When reading a sunscreen label, look for the SPF rating and the information provided about UVA protection.

• SPF: Communicates the level of protection against UVB-related sunburn.
• PA rating: Shows the grade of UVA protection using plus signs.
• Broad-spectrum label: Indicates that the sunscreen meets the applicable standard for UVA and UVB protection.
• UVA circle logo: On products following the relevant European labelling convention, indicates that UVA protection meets a specified relationship to the labelled SPF.

These labels communicate protection in different ways, so a missing PA rating does not automatically mean inadequate UVA protection.

PA vs. PPD vs. UVA Circle vs. Broad Spectrum

Sunscreen labels can vary between countries. Understanding these differences is particularly useful when buying imported sunscreen or comparing products from different markets.

1. PA rating

The PA system uses plus signs to communicate UVA protection in graded ranges. PA++++ indicates a UVA Protection Factor of 16 or higher.

2. PPD sunscreen rating

PPD stands for persistent pigment darkening, a method used to assess UVA protection. The resulting UVA Protection Factor helps determine the PA grade. A numerical PPD value may appear on some products or in supporting product information instead of a PA rating.

3. UVA circle logo

On sunscreens following the relevant European labelling convention, the UVA logo inside a circle indicates that UVA protection is at least one-third of the labelled SPF. It communicates a relationship between UVA protection and SPF rather than using the PA plus-sign system.

4. Broad-spectrum sunscreen

In the United States, the broad-spectrum label indicates that a sunscreen has passed the relevant FDA test for UVA protection. It does not communicate UVA protection through the same numerical grades as the PA system.

The key takeaway: PA, PPD, the UVA circle, and broad-spectrum labelling can all help communicate UVA protection, but they are not interchangeable rating systems.

Common Myths About SPF and PA Ratings

1. Myth 1: Higher SPF means longer-lasting protection

Fact: SPF measures the level of sunburn protection under standard testing conditions, not how many hours a sunscreen lasts. Follow the product instructions and reapply at least every two hours when outdoors, and sooner after swimming, sweating, or towel-drying. 

Before choosing your daily sunscreen, get the facts straight with our guide to common sunscreen myths and misconceptions. 

2. Myth 2: SPF alone tells you everything about a sunscreen

Fact: SPF primarily communicates UVB protection. Check the PA rating or another recognised indication of UVA protection to understand the product's broader protection profile.

3. Myth 3: PA++++ sunscreen lasts all day

Fact: PA++++ indicates a level of UVA protection, not duration. Sunscreen can wear off through sweating, swimming, and friction, so regular reapplication remains important.

4. Myth 4: You do not need to consider UVA protection indoors

Fact: Ordinary window glass blocks most UVB but can allow some UVA to pass through. UVA protection may be relevant if you spend extended periods near sunny windows or drive frequently.

5. Myth 5: Every PA++++ sunscreen offers identical UVA protection

Fact: PA++++ indicates a PPD of 16 or higher, with no upper limit. Products carrying the same grade may therefore differ in their measured UVA protection.

For more sunscreen myth-busting, read our guide to sunscreen myths and facts.

How to Use Sunscreen Correctly

Understanding sunscreen ratings is only one part of sun protection. Correct application is also important.

• Apply enough: Spread sunscreen evenly over all exposed skin, following the product directions.
• Cover exposed areas: Remember your ears, neck, hairline, and other commonly missed spots.
• Reapply consistently: Reapply at least every two hours when outdoors, and sooner after swimming, sweating, or towel-drying.
• Use additional protection: Seek shade and wear protective clothing when appropriate.

For a step-by-step application guide, read how to use sunscreen on your face.

Bottom Line: SPF and PA Measure Different Types of Protection

The difference between SPF and PA comes down to what each rating communicates. SPF indicates protection against UVB-related sunburn, while PA indicates the level of UVA protection.

When reading a sunscreen label, check the SPF rating alongside the PA grade or another recognised indicator of UVA protection. Understanding these labels helps you compare sunscreen products without confusing a higher SPF with stronger UVA protection. Repeated UV exposure can contribute to visible skin ageing. Learn about the signs of photoaging and how they develop. 

Walk down any skincare aisle, and you’ll find both on the shelf, often looking nearly identical. Both clean your face, but they work very differently. One is like a soft towel; the other is like a power wash. Picking the right one is the first step in any good skincare routine for your skin type.

What Is a Cleanser?

A cleanser is a mild formula that lifts away makeup, sunscreen, and daily grime without pulling moisture along with it. It dissolves impurities and leaves your skin’s natural oils intact.

• Helps: Gently removes makeup, SPF, and surface dirt
• Texture: Creamy, milky, lotion-like or oil-based, with little to no foam
• Key ingredients: Glycerin, aloe vera, ceramides, plant oils
• Best for: Dry, sensitive, and normal skin, and daily makeup wearers

Explore our full range of gentle cleansers.

What Is a Face Wash?

A face wash is a foaming formula that cleans deep into pores, clearing sweat, excess oil, and pollution. If your skin turns shiny by noon or breaks out easily, this is your workhorse.

• Helps: Unclogs pores and controls excess oil
• Texture: Gel, foam, or liquid that lathers
• Key ingredients: Salicylic acid (BHA), tea tree oil, glycolic acid
• Best for: Oily, acne-prone, and combination skin, and people exposed to dust and pollution

Looking for a breakout-fighting option? See our face wash for oily and acne-prone skin.

Face Wash vs Cleanser: Difference at a Glance

When Should You Use a Cleanser?

• When wearing makeup or sunscreen. It breaks down cosmetics and oils easily. Pair it with a sunscreen that sits well under makeup.
• When your skin feels dry, tight, or reactive. Read more on how to care for dry skin.
• In the morning. A soft start preps your skin without stripping it.

How to use: Massage onto dry or damp skin in gentle circles, then wipe off with a damp cloth or rinse with lukewarm water.

When Should You Use a Face Wash?

• When oil and breakouts are your concern. See our guide to managing oily and acne-prone skin.
• After sweating or pollution exposure. Ideal after workouts or a day in the city.
• In the evening. It clears away everything your skin collected during the day.

How to use: Wet your face, work a small amount into a lather, massage, and rinse well with water.

Can You Use a Cleanser and a Face Wash Together? (Double Cleansing)

Yes. Double cleansing is a two-step method that works especially well for makeup wearers and combination skin:

1. Cleanser first: Dissolves makeup, sunscreen, and surface dirt.
2. Face wash second: Deep-cleans your pores.

Who should do it?

• Combination skin: Cleanser in the morning, face wash at night
• Heavy makeup wearers: Cleanser to lift makeup, face wash to purify
• Sensitive skin: Gentle cleanser daily, face wash only occasionally

Follow with a lightweight moisturizer to lock in hydration. Here is the full step-by-step double cleansing guide.

Common Cleansing Mistakes to Avoid

• Washing too often or too hard. Overusing face wash strips protective oils, causing dryness, redness, and irritation.
• Skipping cleansing after makeup. Leftover products can clog pores. Always cleanse before bed.
• Ignoring your skin type. Dry or sensitive skin does best with a cleanser; oily or acne-prone skin does best with a face wash. Not sure which you have? Take our skin type quiz.

Best Foxtale Cleansers for Every Skin Type

Here is how to match a Foxtale product to your skin:

1. Foxtale Hydrating Face Wash: best for normal to dry skin that likes a light lather
Contains hyaluronic acid and suits dry and sensitive skin. It gives you the feel of a face wash without the tight finish.

2. Foxtale Oil & Acne Control Cleanser: best face wash for oily and acne-prone skin
Exfoliates gently without drying skin out. Made with BHA and niacinamide to target clogged pores and excess oil.

3. Foxtale Super Glow Face Wash: best vitamin C face wash for dull skin
For tired, uneven-looking skin that needs a radiance boost.

Quick match guide:

Not sure what to buy? Build a routine with our skincare routine kits. Always patch-test new products first.

The Bottom Line

Cleansers and face washes are different tools for different jobs. Choose a cleanser for gentle daily care and makeup removal. Choose a face wash for deep cleansing and oil control. Your skin will tell you which one it prefers.

Most people do not think much about cleansing their face. They may treat it as a chore, finishing it before rushing to bed. But that is how you sabotage your skin. You may blame your serums if you notice mysterious breakouts, random dry patches, or your skin feeling tight and itchy.

The reason may be one of several common face wash mistakes you are making before the serum even touches your skin. A cleanser is the base of good skin. Nothing will stay on top of it if your base is not good.

Here is a list of 7 mistakes to never make when washing your face if you want to stop the cycle of irritation and keep your glow intact. 

What Are the Common Side Effects of Face Wash?

When a face wash doesn't suit your skin, or is used the wrong way, you might notice:

• Tightness or dryness: skin feels "squeaky clean" or stretched after rinsing.
• Redness or mild stinging: often from hot water, rubbing or a formula that's too strong for sensitive skin.
• Flaking: usually from over-washing or using exfoliating washes too often.
• Extra oiliness: stripped skin can make more oil to compensate.
• Breakouts: sometimes from leftover residue along the hairline and jaw.

These effects are usually mild and temporary. Adjusting your routine or switching to a formula made for your skin type normally clears them within a few days to a couple of weeks. If redness, burning or swelling is severe or doesn't settle, stop using the product and see a dermatologist.

7 Common Face Wash Mistakes (and What to Do Instead)

1. Washing too often, or not enough

Washing more than twice a day removes the natural oils that keep your skin barrier comfortable. Skin can then feel tight, and oily skin may make even more oil to compensate. Skipping cleansing altogether lets sweat, sunscreen and pollution build up.

Do this instead: wash twice a day, morning and night. After a workout or heavy sweating, a third gentle wash is fine.

2. Using very hot or very cold water

Hot water feels relaxing but can dry out skin and leave it red. Very cold water doesn't dissolve oil and sunscreen well, so residue can stay behind.

Do this instead: use lukewarm water to wash. A splash of cool water at the end is fine if you enjoy it.

3. Scrubbing too hard

Rough towels, stiff brushes or vigorous rubbing can irritate skin and leave it sensitive.

Do this instead: massage gently with your fingertips in small circles, then pat (don't rub) dry with a clean, soft towel.

4. Choosing a face wash that doesn't match your skin type

A strong, foaming face wash can feel too drying on dry skin, while a rich cream cleanser may feel heavy on oily skin.

Do this instead: match the formula to your skin:

Read: [How to Choose The Best Face Wash As Per Your Skin Type]

5. Using too many actives at once

A salicylic acid face wash, an exfoliating toner and a strong serum in the same routine can add up to more than your skin needs, which may lead to dryness or redness.

Do this instead: if your face wash has an active (like salicylic acid or AHAs), keep the rest of the routine gentle, or use the active wash once a day instead of twice.

6. Not rinsing properly

Leftover face wash along the hairline, jaw and sides of the nose can cause irritation or small breakouts in those areas.

Do this instead: rinse until no lather or slippery feel remains, paying extra attention to the edges of your face.

7. Waiting too long to moisturise

Once skin dries completely, it starts losing moisture.

Do this instead: apply moisturiser within a minute of washing, while your skin is still slightly damp.

Washing Your Face with Hot vs Cold Water

How to Wash Your Face the Right Way: 5 Steps

1. Wet your face with lukewarm water.
2. Massage a coin-sized amount of face wash with your fingertips in small circles for 30–60 seconds. If you're wearing makeup or heavy sunscreen, remove it first or use a face wash designed to remove makeup.
3. Rinse thoroughly, including the hairline, jaw and sides of the nose.
4. Pat dry with a clean, soft towel. Change face towels often.
5. Moisturise within a minute, and in the morning finish with a broad-spectrum sunscreen.

Read: [How to Wash Your Face For Clearer & Healthier Skin]

Does Foxtale Face Wash Have Side Effects?

Foxtale face washes are formulated for specific skin types and dermatologically tested. For most people they're well tolerated when used as directed. As with any skincare product, though, an individual reaction is possible, especially if the face wash doesn't match your skin type or is combined with other strong actives.

What you might notice, and why:

• Face washes with salicylic acid (such as an oil and acne control face wash): some people notice mild dryness in the first week, especially if they also use other exfoliating products. Using it once a day and moisturising well usually helps.
• Face washes with exfoliating or brightening ingredients (such as papaya and vitamin C de-tan wash): a light tingle is possible on dry or sensitive skin. Using them a few times a week instead of daily helps.
• Hydrating face washes: rarely drying. Like most face washes with fragrance, they're best patch tested if your skin reacts easily.

To use any face wash comfortably:

• Patch test on a small area, such as along the jaw, for a few days.
• Choose the formula made for your skin type.
• Don't layer several exfoliating products in the same routine.
• Always follow with a moisturiser.

If you notice persistent redness, burning, swelling or itching, stop using it and consult a dermatologist.

How Long Does a Face Wash Take to Show Results?

You'll notice cleaner, fresher skin from the first wash. Results that depend on active ingredients, such as less oiliness or fewer breakouts from a salicylic acid face wash, or brighter-looking skin from a vitamin C face wash, usually build over a few weeks of regular use, alongside a consistent routine.

Conclusion

Face wash side effects are uncommon and usually easy to fix. Wash twice a day with lukewarm water, use your fingertips, choose a face wash made for your skin type, rinse well and moisturise straight away. With these habits, your face wash does exactly what it should: leaves skin clean, comfortable and ready for the rest of your routine.